Ernestine Louise Rose (January 13, 1810 – August 4, 1892) was an atheist feminist, individualist feminist, and abolitionist. She was one of the major intellectual forces behind the women’s right movement in nineteenth-century America.
She was born on January 13, 1810, in Piotrkow Trybunaliski, Russia-Poland, as Ernestine Louise Polowsky. Her father was a wealthy rabbi and her mother the daughter of a wealthy businessman.
At the age of five, Rose began to “question the justice of God who would exact such hardships” as the frequent fasts that her father performed. As she grew older, she began to question her father more and more on religious matters, receiving only, “A young girl does not want to understand the object of her creed, but to accept and believe it.” in response. By the age of fourteen, she had completely rejected the idea of female inferiority and the religious texts that supported that idea.
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